Institutions and principles that were inherent in the international system during the second half of last century and the beginning of this century have been unable to fulfil their regulatory functions. Changes on the global stage have exacerbated divisions. Could conflict represent a painful but constructive way to achieve a new equilibrium? Or, are the costs of conflict so high in today’s interconnected world that agreement is the only path to an acceptable outcome? The participants of the first session of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club discussed, what will most likely resolve differences in the post-globalization era.